Camera Treatment

Media producers are able to create an atmosphere by the different camera angles and shot types they use, each angle and shot type shows a different frame of reference in each scene. For example, this could show the scene from a character's perspective (first person). Close-ups show detail and the actor's expressions, whereas long shots show the characters actions and their relationship with the surroundings. The establishing shot focuses on the location and usually sets the opening of a new scene.

Close up shots:

1. Extreme close up -  this would show only a persons face usually the eyes and mouth only, in intense detail. This generates an emotional viewpoint of the character to create a dramatic and suspenseful scene.
2. Big close up -  displays the persons face from a greater distance than an extreme close up, usually from the eyebrow down to the mouth, still not a full face close up but is in-between. This is usually used as a cut-in technique when transitioning scenes to allow the audience to get a better read of a characters facial appearance.
3. Close up -  shows the full face of a person or can be used to zoom in on an object. This is used to show the expressions of a person which allows the viewer to easily interpret what they are seeing, often blurred so the viewer fixates on the area where the producer wants them to look; creates the mise-en-scene showing very little background detail.
4. Medium close up -  shows the person or object in a more clearer vision, this is often used in interviews for dialogue sequences and mostly in movies to initiate the start of a scene. This allows the viewer to see body language, emotion and to pick up on the characters movements or facial expressions.

Medium & long shots:

1. Medium shot -  shows the person from the waist upwards, this allows the audience to see the characters body language and emotions that affect the top part of the body (creates a scene that makes the viewer feel as if they were standing right next to them).
2. Medium long shot -  shows the person from the knees upwards, used to allow the audience to see the character as well as their surroundings. Can include up to 3/4 people in one scene; allows the viewer to interpret characters relationships better.
3. Long shot -  shows the person head to toe (can be less, but still fits most of the frame), allows the audience to see the characters body movement, how they are represented in relation to the scene and atmosphere as well as their relationship with their surroundings (for example, a long shot in a horror movie where the murderer is close by to the character).
4. Very long shot -  shows the character from a great distance, allows the audience to scan the environment and surroundings. Also, lets the audience know where the location of the character is.

Other shot types:

1. Two shot -  shows the interaction between two people; their movements and actions, this allows the audience to understand the relationship between the two subjects. It is mainly used in interviews where both people are facing the camera or during scenes when a character is talking to a person directly.
2. Over the shoulder shot -  shows the perspective of one character viewing another, typically in a conversation. This allows the audience to see the emotions and expressions of a character from another's viewpoint. Angles are sometimes changed to get a better sense of the conversation from both standpoints.
3. Establishing shot -  unveils the location and used to set the opening of a new scene/sequence. This allows the audience to be able to position where the following scene is taking place.

Camera angles & narrative styles:

1. Pan -  when the camera follows the subject of interest moving from one side to the other.
2. Tilt -  when the camera moves vertically (up and down creating a tilting effect).
3. Zoom -  when the camera pulls in (becomes proximate to the scene) or pulls away (distant perspective), often used to reveal information.
4. Bird's eye view -  shows the scene from a perspective of a 'bird', high viewpoint/view from above looking down.
5. Worm's eye view -  shows the scene occurring facing upwards making it feel as if the perspective is from a ground angle. 
6. Dolly -  a continuous shot which requires the camera moving back and forth showing the subject of interest.
7. Handheld -  an innovative technique which involves the person recording to travel and record the scene alongside the subject creating a bouncy unsteady scene.
8. Objective treatment -  involves treating the viewer as an observer from an omniscient vantage point.
9. Subjective treatment -  involves treating the viewer as a participant, similar to a 'first person' perspective. The scene is displayed as if the audience is viewing the scene directly through their eyes.
10. Mise-en-scene -  attempting to show the relationship/contrast of the subject and objects in one scene; how they are arranged/set, portrayed and represented.
11. Montage -  shots which are compiled together and show the sequence of events that occurred during a period of time, often accompanied by music in the background for cinematic effect.